Suchergebnisse

Teenage childbearing has been the subject of long-standing concern among the public and policy makers. Teenagers who give birth are much more likely to deliver a low birthweight or preterm infant than older women, and their babies are at elevated risk of dying in infancy. The annual public costs associated with teen childbearing have been estimated at $9.1 billion. The U.S. teen birth rate fell by more than one-third from 1991 through 2005, but then increased by 5 percent over two consecutive years. Data for 2008 and 2009, however, indicate that the long-term downward trend has resumed. Although the recent declines have been widespread by age, race and ethnicity, and state, large disparities nevertheless persist in these characteristics. The most current data available from the National Vital Statistics System are used to illustrate trends and variations through 2009. ; Stephanie J. Ventura and Brady E. Hamilton. ; "February 2011." ; "CS220043." ; "T38475 (2/2011)." ; Includes bibliographical references (p. [7-8]).

This paper explores the relationship between birth rate and work load. More babies are born in the period when there is less work to be done but there are also other factors relevant to the number of conceptions and these include opportunities for conception, physical stamina, schedule of physical activity, leisure patterns, holidays, knowledge of contraception, climate and household temperatures, and differential fertility.

The idea that economic developments can affect births is an old one, going back to Malthus'Essay on Populationin the early 19th century. In more recent times, the economic analysis of fertility was resurrected by Becker (1960) and developed by Easterlin (1980), Willis (1973), Becker (1981) and others. This article reports on an application of this economic approach to the analysis of fluctuations in births in Britain during the post-war period, building on previous work by De Cooman, Ermisch and Joshi (1987).